Air conditioning system



Jan. 28', 1941.

' RB. PQCRAV VFORD AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM Original. Filed July 5, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 1' 1941- R. B. P. CRAWFQRD 2,230,157.v

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM Original Filed July 5, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fzur/ $086621 4 R; B. P. CRAWFORD I 2,230,157

' I AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM '0rigina1 Filed July 5, 1929 \3 Sheets-Sheet v5 Patented Jan. 28, 1941 I i I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE v Amco' 12 1221 136 srs'mu Robert B. r. Crawford, Washington, D. 0., assigm or to l rick Company, Wayuesboro, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Original application July 5, 1929. ,Serial No. 375,952. Divided and this application July 17, 1937, Serial No. 154,314

n 11 Claims. (Ci. 237-3) This invention relates to air-conditioning and Referring to Figure 1, the incubating enclosure more particularly air-conditioning wherein a I and the brooding enclosure B are both illusplurality of conditioning chambers are employed trated as being provided with conditioning units for conditioning the air with regard to both tem- Ci of the construction shown either in Figures 6 perature and humidity within one or more en- 5, 6, 7 or 8, of my copending application Serial 6 closures and is a division of my co-pending ap- No. 375,952 of which this application is a division. plication No. 375,952, filed July 5, 1929, which As the specific form of these conditioning units has matured as Patent Number 2,137,996. The forms no part of the present invention they are invention contemplates, generally, heat exchange not described in detail here. In the case of the 10 between conditioning chambers used to condiconditioning unit Ci for the brooder, the dry 10 tion the air of enclosures having different tembulb thermostat thereof will be set to maintain perature and humidity conditions, but may also a lower temperature within the brooder than is be. employed to exchange heat between several maintained in the incubator, and the dew point conditioners applied to the same enclosure. sensing instrument, hygrostat or the like, will be The invention further contemplates the proset to maintain a higher humidity in the brooder i5 vision of communicating passages between conthan in the incubator. Connecting'the two conditioners with suitable temperature and humidity ditioning units is a conduit 26L controls for exchanging heat between. two or This conduit is intended to supply cooler air more conditioners by means of fluid conduits from the brooder system tothe incubator system with proper flow controls. and accordingly at the brooder the duct is con- 20 It is an object of the invention to provide an nected in the system on the discharge side of the improved construction and arrangement of elefan or blower F and at the incubator end is conments, in order to efliclently, economically and nected to the system at the intake side of the fan satisfactorily obtain desired conditions of temperor blower, whereby the pressure differential beature and humidity. r tween the discharge and intake sides of the two 95 Another object of the invention is to problowers is utilized for compelling air flow through, vide a construction capable of maintaining a the conduit 26L a lower temperature and ahigher relative humidity, Controlling the flow through said conduit is a but a lower absolute humidity in one enclosure as damper device I230. which is operatively con- 30 for example the brooding enclosure than in annected to be responsive to the dry bulb temperafin other enclosure, as for example the incubating ture, or the humidity, or both, in the incubator. enclosure and to provide a novel relation of cross For example, such damper may be controlled by connecting two enclosures whereby desired conthe dry bulb thermostat T in the incubator ditions are maintained in both with the maximum whereby a rise in the air temperature therein 35. conservation of heat energy, etc. above a predetermined value will operate to ad- :13

Other objects and the nature and advantages mit some of the relatively cooler air from the of theinvention will be apparent from the folbrooder. As altemative arrangements, the lowing description taken in conjunction with the damper l23a. may be controlled by a dew point accompanying drawings, wherein: sensing instrument H or other humidity respon- 40 Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view with parts sive device so that with a rise in humidity, cool broken away illustrating "one application of the air at a lower absolute humidity will be admitted invention, from the brooder; or such damper may be con- Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of parts broken trolled through a relay not shown, which relay in away of another application of the invention. turn may be responsive both to a dry bulb ther- 43 Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view of a further mostat and a humidity responsive device so that .1 modification employing an aerating chamber and this cool air will be admitted to the incubator a cooling tower in connection with one of the either with an abnormal rise in temperature or chambers. humidity. In the latter arrangement, which is P 8 4 S a fu t er modification in which a preferred, it will be noted that this damper 123a s ies f three nd s are d wit a n l functions analogously to the water valve I23 of on cooling tower and with ozonator. Figure 6 in my copending application 375,952. Figure 5 is a similar view of a further modified As the damper 1230. may be controlled by the dry construction. bulb thermostat T 'or the humidity responsive Figure 6 a similar view of a still further modifldevice H, it may be said that the damper is concatiom trolled in response to psychrometric condition 55 of the two conditioning units CI and Cl. Inter posed in such conduit is a weighted back damper 264 which is normally closed. This conduit and back damper prevents the possibility 01' an excessive air pressure building up in the incubator. The incubator and brooder may be supplied with ozone from a common ozone generating machine, or separate generating devices G and '0' may be employed as illustrated. An inhibiting concentration will generally be supplied to the brooder.

In some instances it may be desirable to associate the two conditioning devices Cl and C2 with the incubator, or to associate only the conditioning unit C2 therewith, the latter practice being made possible by virtue of the cross connection with the brooder.

In Figure 2 I have illustrated this arrangement. The conditioning unit C2 can be regarded in one practice as conditioning all of the air circulated through the incubator, or can be regarded in another practice as operating in conjunction with the conditioning unit Ci, with the latter conditioning the air circulating through the hatching compartment, as previously described.

In either of these instances, the conduit 2 is preferably connected with the passageway III of the conditioning unit C2, such point of connection being preferable although not essential, since, the induced draft created by the blower F then stimulates circulation through the conduit 26!.

A damper |23b in the conduit 2" is preferably connected to respond to a dew point sensing instrument H or a' hygrostat or other like device whereby said damper will be opened when the humidity either in the incubating or hatching compartment, depending upon which practice is followed, rises above a predetermined value.

When the two conditioning units Cl and C2 are both employed in conjunction with the hatching and incubating enclosures, the louvre damper I85 connecting these two units will be placed under the control of a dew point instrument,

hygrostat or the like so that said louvre will be opened when the dew point in the incubating compartment falls below a predetermined value. In such arrangement, employing both conditioning units CI and C2, the conduit 28! is also provided with a branch 26!" communicating with the unit C2, preferably adjacent to the air outlet end of said unit. Regulating the air flow through this branch is a damper I230 which is controlled automatically by a dew point i'nstrument or other device H for sensing the humidity 1 within the hatching compartment so that when a this humidity rises above a desired value the,

damper l23c will be opened for admitting the cooler air from the brooder. As shown in the embodiment of Figure 2, the upper cross, conduit 263 may be provided with separate branches leading to the two conditioning units Cl and C2 or leading separately to the incubating and hatching compartments and interposed in these separate branches are normally closed, weighted back responding to standard air conditioning practice.

and a damper 2" in this intake is preferably automatically controlled by dew point sensings in the brooder to open and admit fresh air when such dew point rises above a predetermined value.

The invention also contemplateszthe transference of heat energy between the incubator and brooder by an arrangement wherein the spray water is utilized as the heat conducting medium. By virtue of the fact that the dry bulb temperature in the incubator is higher than in the brooder, the spray water in the conditioning unit of the incubator will generally be higher in temperature than the spray water in the conditioning unit of the brooder. Figure 3 diagrammatically illustrates an arrangement wherein this higher temperature spray water in the conditioning unit of the incubator is transferred to the conditioning unit of the brooder for controlling humidity or temperature conditions in the brooder. The

arrangement of the conditioning apparatus for.

of described therein may be employed. The.

spray water is circulated by the pump P up through pipe 2' to the aerator A. The. return water from this'aerator passes througha threeway valve 212 which, in its normal position, directs this return ,water through a pipe I24 leading back to the conditioning units and discharging over the baflles and .flufl' screens substantially as described of Figure 6 of my copending application Serial No. 375,952. Such valve in its other position closes admission to the pipe I24 and directs all of the water from the aerator A to the cooling tower CT, the general construction of such three-way valve being old and well known.

Said valve is automatically controlled by humidity control means H utilizing either a dew point sensing instrument, a hygrostat, or the like, substantially as previously described, such humidity control responding to humidity conditions in the incubator 1. Normally the spray water does not pass through the cooling tower, but when the humidity rises the valve 212 is operated to direct the spray water through the cooling tower for lowering the temperature of said water.

The valve is preferably electromagnetically operated as described of the other control valves;

although it may be pneumatically or mechanical= I 1y operated if desired. The spray water returned from the cooling tower CT is likewise sprayed over the baflle I l and over the fluif screens.

Extending from the spray water tank of the incubator conditioning unit is a pipe 214 which.

discharges into the spray water tank of the con is a control valve 215 which is responsive to hu- 1 midity control means H associated with the brooder B. This valve may also be controlled 1 either electrically or mechanically in response to the dew point sensing instrument, a hygrostat or the like, arranged to sense humidity conditions in the brooder, the operating arrangement being such that when the dew point in the brooder lowers below itsdesired value, the valve 215 is opened for admitting some of the higher temperaturespraywateriromtheincubatingunitto thebrooderunit.

Whenthehumidityinthebrooderrlsesabove its desired value, the humiditycontrol means it maybearranged automatically toopenthedamper! inthefreshairinletlilswaterisillp pliedtothesystemthroughafloatcontrolled valve ill responsive to'thelevel in the spray tank of the incubator unit. Hence, as water is supplied from the incubator tmit to the brooding unit, the replenishing supply of water enters the incubator end of the series. when the water kvelinthespraytankoithebroodermiitrises above a predetermined level, through transference of heated water thereto from the incubator unit, overflow occurs through the overflow pipe 65'. The thermal units in the transferred water enable the humidity, or temperature, in the brooderunit to behelduptothedesiredvalue without the necessity of a source of heat, and consequently conserves operating energy for the combination.

Figure 4 illustrates how a single cooling tower CTmaybean-angedtoserveapluralityoienclosures, whether the latter be incubating, hatchingorbroodingenclosures. Insucharrangement, the cooling tower is of relatively large storage capacity. and the warm water from the conditioning units of all of the enclosures is conductedthroughthepipes i2! uptothespraynozzles of the tower. The cooled water is returned from the storage reservoir of the tower through the return pipes I24 to the individual conditioning units.

The pumped circulation of the spray water from each conditioning unit up to the cooling tower may be governed by a float controlled valve m substantially as dwcrlbed of the operating arrangement illustrated in Figure I of my copending application Serial No. 375,952, but which, specifically, forms no part of the present invention. The return feed to each conditioning unit 'may be governed by a control valve I94 responding to humidity or temperature requirements in the particular enclosure under the regulating action of appropriate control means, such as the humidity control means H, also as illustrated in Figure I of my copending application Serial No. 375,952, but which, specifically, forms no part of the present invention. Thus, all of the conditioning units can draw from this common source of relatively cool water in accordance with their individual requirements. Figure 4 also illustrates how a single germicidal device G may be connected for supplying ozone,

formaldehyde, or other germicidal agent to a plurality of enclosures, the degree of concentration conducted through the pipes 86' being adjusted for the requirements 01' each enclosure.

Figure 5 illustrates another arrangement wherein spray water is conducted from unit to unit for transferring thermal energy between the units in the maintenance of the proper conditioning requirements in each of the units. In the arrangement oi. the three units I, I and B, an overflow pipe 2" conducts water from the spraytankoitheunitltothespraytank of the unit I, and a similar overflow pipe conducts overflow water from the latter tank to the tank of the unit 13. The pump discharge from the conditioning unit of the brooder B communicates with two pipes 218 and 21!, the former leading back to the conditioning unit of the incubator I and the latter leading back to the conditioning unit of the hatching enclosure 1'.

interposed in each of these pipes is a control valve IIS'Vand 219', respectively, such valves being electromagnetically operated and being subject to the control of dew point or humidity control means H and H associated with the incubating and hatching units I and I. When the dew point in the incubating enclosure rises, the

- valve 2l8' is opened to permit flow of water through the pipe 218 to the conditioning unit of this enclosure. Similarly, whenv the dew point in the hatching enclosure 1' rises, the valve 21! opens and permits water to flow through the pipe 219 to the conditioning unit of the hatching enclosure. Associated with the spray tank of each conditioning unit is an electric water heater II. The switch I43 comprising part of the humidity control means associated with each unit has one contact connected to control the valve 218' or 219' associated with that unit, and

has its other contact connected with the electric heater Tl in the spray water tank. Under normal operating conditions, the spray water in the in cubating unit will be higher in temperature than the spray water in the hatching unit,- and the temperature of the spray water in the hatching unit will be higher than that of the spray water in the brooder unit. Assume now that the dew point in the-incubator unit should rise above its desired value, the control means H will respond to energize the valve 218' and permit some of the lower temperature spray water to be circulated from the brooder unit through the pipe,

in the incubating unit should fall below its de sired value, the control means H will respond to energize the electricheater I1 and raise the temperature of the spray. water, thereby raising the dew point of the conditioned air. The same operating relation is true of the hatching unit I. A raising of the dew point operates through the control means H to open the valve 219' for permitting the inflow of the lower temperature spray water from the brooder unit to the hatching unit, and conversely, a lowering of the dew point operates through this same control means to energize the electric heating element 11. It will be understood that the conditioning unit associated with each of the enclosures I and I has a complete spray water circuit substantially as desired of the preceding embodiments, the same not being shown because of the previous description thereof. -The admission of relatively cooler spray water from the brooder unit to the incubating and hatching units takes the place of the cooling tower in the spray water circuits of each of these units. The spray water circuit for the conditioning unit of the brooder B may be confined entirely within the conditioning unit or such circuit may include a cooling tower if the situation requires lowering of the temperature of the brooder spray water.

The humidity control means H associated with the brooder operates to energize the electric heater I1 when the dew point should be raised, and operates to energize the electromagnet actuating means for the fresh air damper 266 in order to open this damper when the dew point should be lowered. The pipes 218 and 219 are so connected in the spray water circuit spray water circuit, of the brooder unit for main taining this static pressure in the pipes 218 and 219. I have not described in detail all of the wires making up the different control circuits, since they will be obvious from the drawings and from the preceding description. Water is supplied to the entire combination through a float controlled inlet valve IM in the spray water tank of 'the brooder unit, which valve maintains a substantially constant level of water in said tank. A suitable overflow drain may be provided in the tank to limit the maximum level of the water therein;

Figure 6 illustrates another arrangement generally similar to Figure 5, differing therefrom principally in the fact thatthe cooler spray water conducted to the conditioning unit of the incubator I is supplied from the conditioning unit of the hatching enclosure 1' rather than from the conditioning unit of the brooder.

The cooler spray water supplied to the intermediate hatching unit I is obtained from the conditioning unit of the brooder in the same manner as described of Figure 5. In the modified arrangement of Figure 6, the pipe 218 extends from the pump of the hatching unit I' so that the lower temperature spray water supplied to the incubating unit is drawn directly from the hatching unit. The other pipe Z'liiextends from the pump of the brooding unit to the spray water tank of the hatching unit, as described of Figure 5. The three spray water tanks are connected by the overflow pipes 214, 214, flow through the pipes 218 and 219 being governed by the automatic valves 218' and 219- in the same manner as above described. In this modified arrangement, I have shown the spray water for the brooder unit as being circulated through a cooling tower CT, for lowering the dew point in the broader, although it will be understood that re irigeration, the admission of fresh air or the admission of relatively cool well water may be employed to lower the dew point.

instrumentality of the electromagnet 28L when it is necessary to lower the dew point in the brooder.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art 1. In a brooding and incubating arrangement, I a brooding system and an incubating system, each system including an enclosure and a conditioner therefor, each of said conditioners including a water diffusing means, an aerator, means for passing water from the water difiusing means of one of the systems to the aerator, means for passing water from the aerator back to the said system, and means for providing iluid interfiow between said brooding system and said incubating system to affect the psychrometric In the ar rangement illustrated, I have shown the humidity control means H as operating to admit fresh air: through the damper 266 and as operating to open the shutter I21 of the cooling tower, through the condition of one oi said systems, whereby both of said systems will cooperate with each other to effect a relatively high thermal efllciency.

2. In a brooding and incubating arrangement, a brooding system and an incubating system, each systemincluding an enclosure and a conditioner therefor, each of said conditioners including a. water 'dliIusing means, a cooling tower,

means for passing water from the water diflusing means of one of the systems to the cooling tower, and means for passing water from the cooling tower back to said system, and means for providing fluid interfiow between said brooding system and said incubating system to affect the psychrometric condition of one of said systems, whereby both of said systems will cooperate with each other to eilect a relativelyhigh thermal eiliclency. v

3. The apparatus recited in claim, 1,; and a cooling tower, means for conducting water from the aerator to the cooling tower, and means for conducting water from the cooling tower back to I one of said systems.

4. The method of maintaining predetermined temperature and humidity conditions within one enclosure and predetermined diflerent tempera-,- ture and humidity conditions within a second enclosure comprising circulatingthe air of said first enclosure to and from psychrometric aflecting means, conditioning the air of said second enclosure to a degree diiferent from that maintained in said first enclosure by circulating the air within said second enclosure to and from a first enclosure by circulating theair within said. second enclosure to and from a second psychrometric affecting means, transferring moisture from one psychrometric afiecting means to the second psychrometric afiecting means, whereby desired conditions within the system will be economically effected.

6. The method of maintaining predetermined temperature and humidity conditions within one enclosure and predetermined different temperature and humidity conditions within a second enclosure comprising conditioning the air of-said first enclosure by psychrometric ail'ectingmeans, conditioning the air of said second enclosure to a degree different from that maintained in said first enclosure by circulating the air within said second enclosure to and from a second psychrometric aflecting means, transferring heat and moisture from one psychrometric affecting means to the second psychrometric aflecting means,

whereby desired conditions within the system will be economically efl'ected.

'1. In a brooding and incubating arrangement,

a brooding enclosure, an incubating enclosure,

an air conditioning unit for each enclosure respectively, means for controlling the conditioning units to effect a lower temperature within the brooding enclosure than within the incubating enclosure, and conduit means connecting the conditioner for the brooding enclosure with the conditioner for the incubating enclosure, said structure and arrangement being such as to efiect fluid fiow between the brooding enclosure and the incubating enclosure, flow control means within said conduit, and means responsive to psychrometric conditions within the incubating enclosure for actuating said flow controlling means.

8. In a. conditioning apparatus including a plurality of systems, each of said systems including an enclosure and an air conditioner therefor including means for efiecting psychrometric conditions, means for effecting passage of air from each enclosure to its corresponding conditioner and back to the enclosure, means for supplying relatively cool water to a first of said conditioners, means for supplying water from this first conditioner to a second conditioner, and means for controlling the flow of water from the first said conditioner to the said second conditioner in accordance with the psychrometric conditions within one of said systems.

9. In an incubating, hatching, and brooding arrangement, an incubating enclosure, a hatching enclosure, and a brooding enclosure, an air conditioning unit for each enclosure respectively, means for controlling the conditioners to effect a lower temperature within the brooder enclosure than within the incubating and hatching enclosures, conduit means connecting the conditioner tor the brooding enclosure with the conditioner for the incubating enclosure, a fluid within said conduit, fluid moving means arranged to stimulate circulation through said conduit from the conditioner for the brooding enclosure to the conditioner for the incubating enclosure, whereby the arrangement involves cooperation of the elements thereof to effect a relatively high thermal efiiciency.

10. The method of maintaining, by utilizing a first and second psychrometric afiecting means, a predetermined relatively high temperature and relatively low relative humidity within a first enclosure and predetermined relatively low temperature and relatively high relative humidity within a second enclosure comprising: circulating air from said first enclosure to and from a first psychrometric afiecting means, circulating air from said second enclosure to and from a second psychrometric affecting means, passing air between said two psychrometric affecting means, and controlling the said passing of air in accordance with a psychrometric condition of the 

